Pre-American Revolution

Do you know why the American Revolution occurred? Do you think Americans just wanted to be the United States of America just because they desired. King George lll tried to control the lives of the colonists in many ways. There was several causes to why americans seeked for independence. These causes ultimately lead to the start of a revolution. Little by little Colonists found ways to protest against the british army and the king of England. King George III applied unlawful taxes, to control colonists lives. There was many ways king George III tried to control the lives of the colonists. For Example there is this famous slogan which was â€Å"No Taxation Without Representation†, this was because Parliament had control of colonial trade, taxed imports, and exports. By the 1760s, the Americans were getting a right taken away from them. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 had forbidden the imposition of taxes without the consent of Parliament. Since the colonists had nobody representing in Parliament, the taxes violated the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. He thought it was necessary for most of the taxes he pasted in order for the Country of Britain not to go bankrupt after the win of the â€Å"seven years† war which doubled Britains dept . One of the laws passed was the stamp act. The stamp act was a direct tax by Parliament specifically targeting the colonies of British America, and it required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London. There was many acts that angered the colonists and eventually made them revoke against Parliament. hese were some of the causes of the American Revolution . The Intolerable acts were a response to the famous boston tea party. there was four acts that got the 13 colonies heated. The Boston Port Act, was the first of the acts passed, which consisted of closing the port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid for the tea dumped in the water and until the king was satisfied that order had been restored. Colonists argued that the Port Act punished all of Boston rather than just the individuals who had destroyed the tea. The Massachusetts Government Act altered the government of Massachusetts to bring it under control of the British government. Almost all positions in the colonial government were to be given orders by the governor or the king. This act also limited the activities of town meetings in Massachusetts to one meeting a year, unless the Governor arranged one. Colonists outside Massachusetts feared that their governments could now also be changed by Parliament. The Administration of Justice Act allowed the governor to move trials of accused royal officials to another colony or even to Great Britain if he believed the official could not get a fair trial in Massachusetts. George Washington called this the â€Å"Murder Act† because he believed that it allowed British officials to harass Americans and escape justice. The Quartering Act applied to all of the colonies, it was method of housing British troops in America. King George did indeed applied several laws that got the colonists angry. So there were several ways of how the colonist protested. Everyone has heard of â€Å"No taxation without representation. † It was a famous slogan shouted by colonist because they were taxed by almost everything they purchased without their consent. There was no one in Parliament to represent them, so that meant they did not have a word or an opinion. Throughout the years the colonists got tired of the British customs because they were opposing many things that Parliament was doing. So they started doing their own tea and clothes, this was also because almost everything was taxed and colonists thought it was a better way to save money. Another famous event was the â€Å"Boston Tea Party†, in that event officials in Boston refused to return three ships loaded with taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists dressed as indians boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor, the incident remains an iconic event of American history. In response to the taxes many people let out their anger on the tax collectors. Sometimes it was just a scare but in some cases they were murdered. The continental congressed passed an association act which allowed colonists to boycott British goods, it was effective while it lasted. King George III applied unlawful taxes, to control colonists lives. There are just too many reasons of why the american revolution happened. If Britain did not tax or governed the colonies how they did, we would be living in a much different world. Maybe we wouldn't have even been the United States of America. The Americans had every right to protest against Parliament since they were advocated from some of their rights. You feel me?

Report on Fmcg Market Sructure and Market Share

PROJECT REPORT ON FMCG MARKET SRUCTURE AND MARKET SHARE What is FMCG? FMCG is an acronym for Fast Moving Consumer Goods, which refer to things that we buy from local supermarkets on daily basis, the things that are non-durable, sold quickly, at relatively low cost, have high turnover and are relatively cheaper. FMCG’s constitute a large part of consumers’ budget in all countries. The most common in thelist are baby foods, toilet soaps, detergents, shampoos, toothpaste, cosmetics, shaving products, shoe polish, refined cooking oil, packaged foodstuff, soft drinks, chocolate bar, tissue paper and other household accessories and extends to certain electronic goods and other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products and plastic goods, such as buckets etc. These items are meant for daily of frequent consumption and have a high return. FMCG are products that have a quick shelf turnover, at relatively low cost and don't require a lot of thought, time and financial investment to purchase. The margin of profit on every individual FMCG product is less but as they sell in large quantities so the cumulative profit on such products are high. Hence profit in FMCG goods always translates to number of goods sold. The main segments of FMCG sector are : ) Personal care, Oral Care, Hair Care, Skin Care, Personal Wash (cosmetics and toiletries (soaps), deodorants, perfumes, male grooming, feminine hygiene, paper product); 2) Household care (fabric wash laundry soaps, synthetic detergents, household cleaners, such as dish/utensil cleaners, floor cleaners, toilet cleaners, air fresheners, insecticides and mosquito repellents, metal polish and furniture polish); 3) Packaged food and health beverages (flour, tea, coffee, sugar, staples, cereals, dairy products, chocolates, soft drinks, juices, bottled water, snack food, chocolates a nd cakes) 4) Tobacco. India ; the FMCG Market: The Indian FMCG sector is an important contributor to the country's GDP. The Indian FMCG sector with a market size of US$14. 8 billion is the fourth largest sector in the economy and is responsible for 5% of the total factory employment in India. The FMCG industry also creates employment for 3 million people in downstream activities, much of which is disbursed in small towns and rural India. This FMCG industry has witnessed strong growth in the past decade. This has been due to liberalization, urbanization, increase in the disposable incomes and altered lifestyle. Furthermore, the FMCG boom increased due to the reduction in excise duties, packaging innovations etc. and unlike the perception that the FMCG sector is a producer of  luxury items targeted for the elite but in reality, the sector meets the every day needs of the masses. The lower-middle income group accounts for over 60% of the sector's sales. At present, urban India accounts for 66% of total FMCG consumption, with rural India accounting for the remaining 34%. The growing incline of rural and semi-urban folks for FMCG products will be mainly responsible for the growth in this sector, as manufacturers will have to deepen their concentration for higher sales volumes. Many of the global FMCG majors have been present in the country for many decades. But in the last ten years, many of the smaller rung Indian FMCG companies have gained in scale. As a result, the unorganized and regional players have witnessed erosion in the market share. Availability of key raw materials, cheaper labor costs and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is set to double from USD 14. 7 billion in 2008-09 to USD 30 billion in 2012. FMCG sector will witness more than 60 per cent growth in rural and semi-urban India. The bottom line is that Indian market is changing rapidly and is showing unprecedented consumer business opportunity. History of FMCG in India: In India, companies like ITC, HLL, Colgate, Cadbury and Nestle have been a dominant force in the FMCG sector well supported by relatively less competition and high entry barriers (import duty was high). These companies were, therefore, able to charge a premium for their products. In this context, the margins were also on the higher side. With the gradual opening up of the economy over the last decade, FMCG companies have been forced to fight for a market share. In the process, margins have been compromised, more so in the last six years (FMCG sector witnessed decline in demand). The following are the main characteristics of FMCGs: †¢ From the customer’s perspective: 1. Frequent purchase 2. Low involvement (little or no effort to choose the item — products with strong brand loyalty are exceptions to this rule) . Low price †¢ From the companies perspective: 1. High volumes 2. Low contribution margins 3. Extensive distribution networks 4. High stock turnover Major FMCG companies in India: Hindustan Unilever Ltd. , ITC (Indian Tobacco Company), Nestle India Ltd. , GCMMF (AMUL), Dabur India, Asian Paints (India), Cadbury India, Britannia Industries, Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care, Marico Industries, Nirma, Coca-Cola, Pepsi MARKET SHARE OF FMCG COMPANIES (BABY FOOD) IN INDIA FROM 2001 TO 2010 Bottom of Form In the above pie chart we see the total sales during the financial years from 2001 to 2010 of various FMCG Food Beverage companies in India . THE COMPARATIVE DATA OF % MARKET SHARE OF NESTLE INDIA LTD. WITH ALL OTHER COMPETITOR, DURING THE LAST 10 YEARS FROM 2001 TO 2010 (Above graph showing the FMCG Food Beverage – Baby Food companies percentage market share in the last 10 years from 2001to 2010) So we can see that in overall FMCG business Nestle India Ltd is distantly ahead of the rest of the companies as far as market share is concerned. MARKET SHARE IN THE YEAR 2010 Measurement of Market Structure: Herfindahl–Hirschman Index: Si is the market share of the ith firm Numbers-Equivalent of firms: Reciprocal of HHI FOOD BEVERGE COMPANIES (BABY FOOD)| MARKET SHARE IN 2010 (Si)| | Cadbury India Ltd. | 0. 185753| 0. 034| Cepham Milk Specialities Ltd. | 0| 0| Continental Milkose (India) Ltd. | 0. 012213| 1. 491| Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare Ltd. | 0. 188628| 0. 036| Heinz India Pvt. Ltd. | 0| 0| Jagatjit Industries Ltd. | 0. 084911| 7. 209| Kaira District Co-Op. Milk Producers' Union Ltd. | 0. 028029| 7. 856| Nestle India Ltd. | 0. 75272| 0. 225| Raptakos, Brett & Co. Ltd. | 0. 025194| 6. 347| TOTAL =| 23. 198| Therefore, HHI = = 23. 198 Reciprocal of HHI = 1/23. 198 =0. 043 Priyanka please check the previous calculation, I am not getting the correct data. FMCG SALES GROWTH OF LAST 10 YEARS As per the sales figures received of the year 2001 to 2011, in the past 10 years from 2001 to 2010, after plotting the datas, we notice that the graph f or Nestle is steeply rising, where as for Cadbury and Glaxo, the graph rise is considerable, but for Jagatjit and Milkfood the graph rise is very minimal. Thus Nestle being the market leader enjoys the position of the market laeder and also the profit. FMCG SALES VOLUME GROWTH IN THE LAST 10 YEARS FROM 2001 TO 2010 (Graph showing the FMCG trend throughout the last 10 years. ) FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES India is a fast developing country with a huge population whose per capita income is growing rapidly and there is huge opportunity for the FMCG companies. The opportunities are as follows: * Increasing per capita income is driving FMCG growth in India * India’s consuming class is growing rapidly Changing consumption pattern: Per capita income of Indian customer is increasing and FMCG products are relatively elastic in nature hence the expected sale should increase. PER CAPITA INCOME (Rs) (Above graph showing the trend of Per Capita Income of Indians and datas are collected from a research made by Govt. of India). ) As shown in the above graph the Per Capita Income of an Indian increases gradually throughout the years, and if this trend continues, then in future Indian Population will have more purchase power and will purchase more FMCG products. % OF PAST POPULATION RISE AND FUTURE EXPECTATION Above graph shows the past population and expected future population rise, data are collected from the research made by Govt. of India). Here by the above graphs we can see that there is huge scope for FMCG products and since Nestle India Ltd. is the market leader in India hence it can gain the most out of it. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strength 1. Low operational costs 2. Established distribution networks in both urban and rural areas. 3. Presence of well-known brands in FMCG sector. Weaknesses 1. Lower scope of investing in technology and achieving economies of scale. . Low exports levels 3. Counterfeit Products. Opportunities 1. Untapped rural market 2. Rising income levels 3. Large domestic market-. 4. Export potential 5. High consumer goods spending. Threats 1. Removal of import restrictions. 2. Slowdown in rural demand. 3. Tax and regulatory structure. CONCLUSION Customers in India are also spending more in FMCG as their standard of living are growing. Though there was some downfall in sales and profit, in the beginning of this decade but after that considerable rise in both sales and profit, is seen. Many FMCG companies has started project, to directly reach the rural market. This may be considered as a revolutionary step since the urban market is reaching its saturation level and there is a huge scope exploring in the rural market. This will also be helpful not only increasing its market share but also fight competition. BIBLIOGRAPHY In order to make this project we have taken the help of the following websites & books: * www. wikipedia. com * www. oppapers. com * www. scribd. com Besides it, various books were also consulted to prepare the project report.

Specific Actions Should Christains Take in Regards to the Environment Essay

Specific Actions Should Christains Take in Regards to the Environment and Its Preservation - Essay Example Specific Actions of Christians In Regard To Environment and Its Preservation Environment has faced serious moments of degradation and depletion across all corners of the world. The beginning environmental depletion and degradation could date back to the early industrialization periods that emerged in Europe and, which spread to other countries of the world. Environmental degradation have involved emission of poisonous smokes, clearing of forests for cultivation and settlement, uncontrolled use of hazardous chemicals, poor methods of solid waste disposal and overexploitation of natural resources. Furthermore, environmental degradation have encompassed and not limited to water pollution, uncontrolled noise, poaching of game animals and overfishing among others. All the mentioned human activities have led to significant change of environmental conditions with the most felt effect being global warming that threatens to devastate the world if prompt and serious actions are not taken. All the causes and elements of environmental degradation can be rightfully attributed to the failure of human beings to perform and meet the responsibilities given to them by God the Creator. ... This achievement will only become possible when Christians in collectiveness agree to stop depletion of forests that reflects and defines the actual nature. Forests are in fact the habitats of many animals and sources of rivers that supply fresh water for human and animal consumption. Belopopsky (2012) sufficiently recommends that, â€Å"human beings should sacrifice part of their wants to meet the standards of preserving nature as demanded by God†. In a nutshell, Belopopsky (2012) argues that human activities and desire for prosperity has led to uncontrolled rates of environmental degradation and it is high time Christians should adhere to the Bible and accept foregoing certain basic needs for the sake of preserving the natural environment. Christians should make sacrifices and set small parcels of land for their settlement and cultivation and leave a proportionately large part of land for inhabitation by forests and wild animals. Sacrificing wants as recommended by Belopopsk y (2012) also means that Christians should forego certain economic needs that would lead them into destroying the natural forests for economic gains. Dennison with reference to the book of Proverbs 12:10 recall that, â€Å"Bible commands respect for animals in their own sphere†. Christians therefore should work hard and in conformity to the Biblical ordinances to ensure protection and maximum respect of wild animals that are in the verge of extinction. In achieving the mission, Christians have to contribute and solicit for funds for establishing game parks and animal reserves to safe keeping of the endangered species from the target of the poachers. Christians should also set in place strict laws and rules that recommend for severe

The issue of regional currency unification Essay - 3

The issue of regional currency unification - Essay Example In the recent past, the world has witnessed an increasing interest in economic integration and currency unification among countries in specific regions. The idea of currency unification is not new and can be dated back to 1961 when Mundell coined the concept of Optimum Currency Areas (OCA) as noted by . Currency unification has been one of the key ambitions of the Gulf Cooperation council (GCC) countries. Soon after the formation of GCC, the region’s goal for the formation of unified currency system was adopted in the article 22 of the council’s unified economic agreement of June 1982, which states that: â€Å"The member states shall seek to coordinate their financial, monetary, and banking policies and enhance cooperation between monetary agencies and central bank, including an attempt tom establish a common currency in order tom further their desired economic integration† . assert that the European economic and monetary union (EMU) model of 1999 which set the pace for the adoption of Euro by eleven countries as well as the continuing efforts by the GCC member states to integrate their economies have contributed to raise this ambition a new. It is worth noting at this point that the remarkable convergence of the exchange rate policies adhered in the GCC countries pegs to the US dollar. In accordance to exchange rate arrangement formally reported to the IMF, only the rial Oman is pegged to the dollar.

Analyze the Market efficiency of Dubai Stock Exchange Thesis Proposal

Analyze the Market efficiency of Dubai Stock Exchange - Thesis Proposal Example The purpose of the study is to analyse the Market efficiency of Dubai Financial Market (DFM). The thesis will be based around Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) of Fama 1970. The term market efficiency is itself derived from the concept of Fama in 1970 which was then formalized and operationalized. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) describes an efficient market as an entity where fresh statistics or facts are instantly mirrored in the correct format and value in its current security price (Lim, 2009). However the efficiency of financial markets has always been a debatable question which has also been examined empirically by Fama in the form of information sets accessible to the market and then classified Efficient Market Hypothesis into weak-format, semi-strong format and strong-format. It has to be kept in mind that the market efficiency does not really mean that the price of the market should be equal to the market value. It means that that the over-valued stocks and under-valued stocks should be deviated with randomness without incorporation of any kind of biasedness in it. Another implication of the efficient market analysis phenomenon is that the prices of the stock should be of some random walk and all the additional price changes in the near and far future should be only for practical purposes involved and incorporated in it (Abdmoulah, 2010). As the theory of time related with market efficiency came into existence UAE started to flourish. In past 30 years, UAE has exceptionally transformed its market and the growth rates have been tremendously making UAE the most sought out market after Gulf countries. With this transformation into the economic world, UAE started structuring financial markets like Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and Abu Dhabi Securities Market (ADSM) in the year 2000. Since their establishment the ADSM has grown by an estimated 343% while DFM (Dubai Financial Market) has increased by an astonishing

Cultural Identity on American Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Identity on American Society - Essay Example â€Å"Like many Americans whose families came to this country from somewhere else, many children of Mexican immigrants struggle with their identity† (Casares). There are definitions of different races and ethnicities in terms of characteristics and features. This classification has resulted to differences amongst people, especially in the United States. Due to the fact that the identity of some people has been influenced by ethnicity and race, it has gone to the extent of influencing the way individuals perceive the environment and what they put as a priority in their lives. Sometimes, the identity of people is imposed to them due to the way other people look at and know them. Ethnic and racial identities are crucial areas of a person’s life or a group’s identity. In the United States, there are people who are legally defined as minorities due to their race and ethnic background. This is depicted in a highly critical way since it is prompted by the incompatible c ultural and social practices. As a result, it makes people be deeply immersed in their cultural traditions and beliefs encouraging a positive feeling of ethnic individuality. In addition, people filter ethnic identity by handling other people of dissimilar races and ethnicity negatively. Diversity of culture in the United States is on the rise. This has posed a greater concern of the future of the American Identity. Due to the influx of migrants, emergence of multi-ethnical generations that are rapidly increasing the threat on cultural practices determines the identity of America. The identity of the United States is truly significant in that it consolidates people having contradictory issues, opinions and ideologies to form one harmonized community. The harmony creates opportunities for the implementation of policies and other activities that are beneficial to the community. Oneness and preserved American Identity will make the citizens have a place which they belong to. They will feel accepted and accommodated by other people and the general culture at large. Relationships among the American citizens will be warm, their culture is adopted and the contradictory issues minimized. If this is achieved, then in the workplace people will work with energy and robustness while executing their roles and responsibilities in their areas of jurisdiction. This is what cultural identity can bring to the American society. The way the American people think and interpret democracy is greatly influenced by their cultural identity. This means that if the culture of American people is going to change, their identity will be changed too. As a result, democracy will be interfered with, and this might result to crime activities. For instance, people will misuse democracy at the expense of protecting their cultural beliefs, racial or ethnical people. For continuity and preservation of the present political institutions, cultural identity is the key factor.(Kaplan) If this is not th e case, then politically the American community will be destabilized due to disagreement emanating from ethnical and racial backgrounds. Consequently, development and progress of the economy of the American society will deteriorate. The schedule drawn for work and the spirit of work can be motivated by the cultural practices of the society. From history, America is industrious. This shows how their culture prompts them to be hard working people. Despite the fact that race is used wrongly, it does matter when used

Writing journal for the chapter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Writing journal for the chapter - Assignment Example "By this sound-change, an ae and e in early Old English was changed to a diphthong (ea and ie respectively) when preceded by certain palatal consonants (c, g, sc)" (Baugh & Cable 72). Celtic transmission - Celtic transmission refers to the transmission of Latin words into Old English through the association of Celts with the English. The Celts had adopted a considerable number of Latin words but very few words were adopted by the Anglo-Saxons who did not share a harmonious relationship with the Celts. (Baugh & Cable 74) modus vivendi : The literal meaning of the term modus vivendi is "manner of living". However, it is used to describe a working arrangement that disputing parties can live with, at least until a more permanent solution can be found (Cornog 58). While discussing the amalgamation of the Scandinavians with the old English, Baugh & Cable introduce the term "modus vivendi" to describe the policy followed by the English kings to reestablish their power in Danelaw. Discussing the relationship between the Celtics and the Anglo-Saxons, the author mentions that "In parts of the island, contact between the two peoples must have been constant and in some districts intimate for several generations" (Baugh & Cable 69). Even then it is found that "outside of place-names, however, the influence of Celtic upon the English language is almost negligible" (Baugh & Cable 69). It is this that made me wonder why the Celtic place names were retained and words from other spheres of life abjured. 2. The author mentions that " It is altogether likely that many Celts were held as slaves by the conquerors and that many of the Anglo-Saxons chose Celtic mates." Given that not many words were adopted by the Anglo-Saxons, What was the language of communication between the two communities? 3. Why were words like noun "cook" and general word "plant" were adopted from the Latin? These general words might have been present in Old English given that they are

Media Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Response - Essay Example Reality check, they too are humans. Thus the world has to start treating them equally. In a contest they too can lose I mean do they always have to win? Amazingly, Asians are considered superheroes. But yet are they? Based on the short film by Chris Tashima and Tom Donaldson, about Sempo Sugiwara, who risked his live going against the most powerful institution in a country- The Government, just to save people he had no blood relations with. Hero or no hero it’s the perfect show of humanity. A war is not only fought using guns and swords alone, the brevity displayed in the film the Lil Tokyo Presenter shows how a single individual can make law his tool of war and use it to liberate his people (the Japanese) from the chaining bonds of the American law. I find this interesting as all the efforts bore fruits much greater than he anticipated. In the modern world, Asian Americans have been integrated in the society. They are rarely segregated as they can walk the talk in a whole different way than anyone expects! The best part is that they always stick together. My friend told a joking story when an Asian guy broke up with his American girlfriend only to hook up with an Asian American girl. This got me thinking how Asians stick and stay together like a pack of wolves! Harm one face all that’s their motto I presume. Asian Americans embrace all cultures but mostly cling to the Asian side a bit more. Anyway who can blame them? Asian culture is diverse and unique. From the food and spices all the way to martial arts there is a lot to share and discover. Personally is more into their fashion and mode of dressing. Their taste is just unarguable. As in the film Model Minority, we see that Asian Americans are depicted as going through struggles in the 21st century. The new generation of Asian Americans is faced with family drama such as parents forcing their kids to do hard subjects such as science or math. This has in turn led to the kids rebelling and dropping out

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

1 - Assignment Example It is the very essence and nature of human geography that informs us that the greater the distance a product or service must travel, the less likely the trip will be made. Demand must be sufficient enough to justify the time, effort, and expense. If demand for a product or service is relatively low, and there is not access to those products or services nearby, then it is likely that demand will not be met. If, however, there is a surplus of goods or materials in area that causes demand to easily be met, suppliers will look for viable transport routes to make their goods available to other markets where demand exists (Hesse 75). Finally, before we get this particular case study, it is important to understand that, no matter what the demand for a good or service may be, adequate transferability must exist. If a product is in high demand in a rural area of the world, for example, suppliers must still consider the feasibility and logistics of transporting goods there. There is the human safety to consider, plus the expense to do. If the expense involve in getting a good or service to such an area causes the demand to then weaken, it will likely be determined that the effort is simply not worth it (Zolnik 338). The issue here is whether or not sand and gravel operators in Sault Ste. Marie should begin to use their trucks to deliver their products to Southern Ontario, where prices might be higher. On the surface, businesses would always seem to desire to sell their product for the highest price possible. Spatial interaction, however, teaches us differently. Large trucks, for example, are expensive to maintain. The fuel alone makes traveling long distances cost prohibitive in many circumstances. In order for the gravel operators in Sault Ste. Marie to justify the trip down south, they must be able to account for these extra

LEADERSHIP STYLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEADERSHIP STYLES - Essay Example Over the period of time, the nature and orientation of the leadership therefore has changed and increasing body of research is suggesting interesting aspects about leadership. The leadership styles can vary and depend upon the ability of the leader to lead the organization and followers in a particular manner. From the perspective of nursing leadership can be important as it outlines the way as to how one will lead as the career progress takes place over the period of time. It is therefore important for nurses to clearly understand the difference between management and leadership besides understanding different leadership styles. This understanding is critical because it directly have an impact on the performance. This paper will discuss and explore two different leadership styles and how that leadership style or leader fits in my philosophy of leader. A comparison and contrast will also be made between leadership and management. Transformational leadership is considered as the leadership which can bring in positive change within individuals to achieve certain objectives. This type of leadership style is often considered as one the most important ways to actually convert followers into leaders by systematically transforming the way they approach different aspects of the organizational environment or their career. By redesigning the values and belief systems, this approach towards leadership creates strong changes within the followers and therefore makes some important changes in the way they approach different aspects of their life and organization. It is also important to note that a transformational leader is also a moral example for the followers. As such leaders become like role models for improving the moral standing of the followers too. (Roesner, 1990) Another style of leadership is based upon the notion of servant leadership which is based upon the idea of giving preference to

How to Talk about the World Essay Example for Free

How to Talk about the World Essay How does the opening paragraph establish the mood and values of the story? With the opening paragraph of the story, reader can feel that the story will be conveying something that is related to discrimination over niggers or black people in the location. It impliedly said that there should be no boundaries to be set using the color of the skin or the race that a certain person belongs to. Also, there should be no ‘special treatment’ to people who are considered to be powerful especially when that person is a relative to anyone who owns the establishment. To associate with the society, special accord should be given to everyone and not to selected few especially if they are well-known to politicians or they are influential because of their wealth. 2) State the nature of the conflict in John? John is having a conflict to himself. He does not know whether or not he will approach Dorris in whatever manner that is politely for her to receive and gentlemanly for him to give. He is having trouble on how to treat Dorris and on how to react on the things that Dorris is showing him. At first, he tried to ignore her but in the later part of the story he can not contain himself by just merely looking at Dorris from a distance. Even though there is a mixed feeling bothering him, may be it can be synonymous to having butterflies in the stomach, John still tried his best to treat Dorris the way she should be treated. However, when their flesh touched each other, both moods shifted gradually and there was a little bit of intimacy that envelopes them. Without them knowing, there is already a contact between them however, they still tend to ignore it because they know nothing will happen. 3) How does the author achieve dramatic conflict between John and Dorris even though they do not speak to each other? The author achieved the dramatic conflict between the two characters when they were dancing graciously in an empty room that only John knows of. It was then that John and Dorris realized that there is something in each other that makes them shiver. After they have had a soulful act outside the stage, they both wanted each other yet the other one is nowhere to be found. In John’s dreams, it was Dorris whom he is dancing with. Imagining Dorris is something that made the drama in the story is interesting. The highlight of the story was when they both entered a room that is only filled with darkness and they both took advantage of the time that they are alone. They were able to satisfy each other’s yearning because of the intensity of the affection that they both showered each other. However, not all things end with a happy note. John disappeared without Dorris knowing. She searched for him yet, nothing happened. Dorris may feel a little bit of regret for having ignored John all the while.

Nurse Intervention in Cervical Screening Programmes

Nurse Intervention in Cervical Screening Programmes Nurses deliver care to patients in an ever-changing environment that revolves around changes in local and governmental policies as well as technology and pharmaceutical advancement for effective practice, (Ellis, 2016). According to Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Conduct (2015), nurses assess patients’ needs and deliver timely, efficient and effective patient care based on the best available evidence. Evidence Based Practice is the integration of best research evidence with nursing practice and patient needs and values to facilitate effective care, it also promotes quality, safe and cost-effective treatment for patients, families, healthcare providers and health care system, (Brown, 2014; Craig and Smyth 2012). This assignment aims to explore an area in nursing, identifying gaps between theory and practice. Using research and discussing strength of the literature and overcoming related issues in the specified area. The assignment will focus on barriers to cervical screening and nurses’ intervention to improve screening programmes. Cervical cancer screening can be detected early and treatment of precancerous cells and cervical cancer, (White et al., 2015) continues to exist. Cervical cancer starts from a pre-invasive stage known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) however, it can be detected through cervical screening, (Foran et al., 2015). Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women globally after breast cancer, (World Health Organization, 2016). According to the Department of Health (DH) (2012a) detecting cervical cancer at an early stage can prevent around 75% from developing. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015a) asserts that prevention and early detection of cervical cancer is cost –effective and a long-term strategy.   Hoppenot et al (2012) points out that screening can reduce incidence and death rates. Research shows cervical screening is associa ted with improved treatment for invasive cervical cancer, (Andrea et al., 2012). This highlights the importance of cervical screening programmes. Cervical screening reduces the occurrence of cervical cancer and research shows it prevents approximately 4500 deaths annually in Britain, (Bryant, 2012). In England, there is an invitation for screening for women aged 25-64.   Women aged 25-49 should attend screening appointment every three years and women aged 50-64 every five years, (Health and Social Care Information, 2012).   However, the last fifteen years has seen a gradual increase in more women being left unscreened for   five years or above, from 16% in 1999 to 22% in 2013 (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2013). Research shows differences in screening is among women who are younger, lower income earners, less educated or women from minority ethnic background and sexually abused women, (Waller et al., 2012; Cadman et al.,2012; Marlow et al., 2015; Albrow et al., 2014). A comprehensive search of databases for literature review namely, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and Cochrane. An advance search strategy including ‘Cervical Screening, Barriers to Cervical Screening, Early Detection Cervical Cancer and Cervical Screening Adherence’. The search was refined to literature in the past five years and incorporated international literatures from United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden and Korea to give an insight of those barriers from a global perspective. Firstly, as regards discussion of non-attendance among women from minority ethnic background. Marlow et al (2015) conducted both qualitative and quantitative study titled ‘Understanding cervical screening non-attendance among ethnic minority women in England’. The study investigated and compared differences in attendance among 720 women from minority ethnic background and White British women. For clarification purpose, ethnic minority are black, Asian and minority ethnicity (BAME). The study found that BAME women were less likely to attend cervical screening with 44-71% non-attenders compared to 12% white British women. This highlights the need for more intervention by nurses to improve practice. Reducing inequality in cancer pathway particularly among minority ethnic groups is a policy priority (Dept. of Health 2011). Marlow et al (2015) found that women from ethnic minority viewed that they were not sexually active so they did not have to do the test. This is an important aspect for nurses to educate in order to improve practice and to promote attendance with educational materials in various languages for better interpretation. The study also found 65% women from minority ethnic background believed they do not need to attend smear test in the absence of any symptoms compared to 6% white British women. These barriers are primarily associated with lower education and lower socio- economic status, (Fang and Baker, 2013).   It is surprising that women are still not aware of cervical cancer screening when people should have received letters and leaflets as part of the NHS programme, this highlights that women who have never attended screening had not read any information, (Kobayashi, 2016). Furthermore Benito et al. (2014) argued that nursing activities were mainly in areas namely health education and promotion, clinical, research, training, and program evaluation. Nurses’ intervention to educate thereby improving knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer and the benefits of screening is essential. In addition, participants had deep-seated personal opinions including fear and embarrassment. Ethnic minority women were more likely to be fearful and preferred female health practitioner. To improve practice support groups in the community may be a good avenue to discuss about screening. These interventions should lay emphasis on the efficacy of cervical screening and address concerns regarding shame and embarrassment. The main strength of this study is information from a large population that makes it a relevant and reliable study to improve cervical cancer screening programme. A qualitative study conducted by Cadman et al (2012) titled ‘Barriers to cervical screening in women who have experienced sexual abuse; an exploratory study.   Women from the age of twenty and above who visit the Website of the National Association for People Abused in Childhood (NAPAC), a United Kingdom Charity who provide support and information for people from abusive background were invited to complete a web-based survey of their opinions and experiences of cervical screening. This survey included closed questions assessing social class, screening history and past records of abuse. Participants indicated the type of abuse they had experienced either physical, sexual, emotional, neglect, spiritual or any other form of abuse. Study shows women who have a history of sexual abuse are at risk of gynaecological problems and cervical neoplasia compared to women who have not. Women who have been sexually abused are more likely to smoke, take drugs and consume alcohol. The study revealed that a number of barriers impeded their attendance and adherence to cervical screening including embarrassment, lack of trust on meeting someone for the first time, gender of smear taker, pain, tension, fear and anxiety. The findings indicated that some study participants made remarks about the intrusive nature of the test. Some participants mentioned they were not comfortable with interventions performed while on their backs.   The argument suggest that women who have history of sexual abuse may be fearful and anxious because of triggering memories of the trauma so they may avoid such responses which is true therefore this study is valid and reliable. In relation to evaluation and analysis of the study, the findings also revealed that further training should be provided to increase nurses’ knowledge and sensitivity.   NMC Code (2015) points out that health care providers respect individual choices and deliver care without delay.   In an event of a sensitive discussion, nurses are required to ask patient preference and should remain professional not expressing any sign of shock. Fujimori et al. (2014) argues that to attain effective communication, nurses should inquire patients’ preferences and expectations at the start of the screening process. To improve this skill can be taught in communications skills training which has proven to be an effective approach. Nurses could show empathy by explicitly asking women about their expectations of the screening encounter and whether they have any concerns. This may help to surface issues that the nurse and patient could tackle together to minimise anxiety and fear. For example, it could be to provide the option of a female practitioner for the cervical screening appointment, maintain dignity and sensitivity. Effective communication between nurses and patients is essential. To achieve this, however, nurses must be sensitive to their specific needs and demonstrate empathy. Having nurses who are adequately trained with special knowledge of abuse is essential. There should be interventions such as counselling and support activities as part of ways of ensuring that they attend screening. This is particularly important at cervical screening appointments for sexually abused patients to deliver safe and sensitive practice. The Waller et al (2012) conducted a qualitative study evaluating differences to barriers among women from different ages. The study   interviewed practitioners working in the screening programme and other related charities as well as women who never attended screening focusing on their views on how age can influence non- attendance and non-adherence in cervical screening. The study found that women were classified into two distinct groups, which were those who wanted to go for screening but did not attend which consisted younger women and others who had decided not to attend were mainly older women. Wardle (2016) argues that nurses’ intervention at improving uptake could be beneficial by considering different approaches for various age groups to improve practice. The findings of the following analysis identified barriers that included many described in other studies namely fear of discomfort, pain, embarrassment and lack of education. There is a reliable argument that providing support with when, where and booking an appointment is effective. Additionally one of the key themes emerging from the study is that older women are more conscious about their bodies as they age. For example, one participant discussed about changes in her self-image as she grew older and how it has affected her self-esteem and how she feels reluctant to undergo invasive procedures.   Nurses could encourage action by   reassuring older women and   to remind them of the importance and benefits of cervical screening. Sabatino et al (2012) argued that effective communication improves cervical screening. This systematic review by Albrow et al (2014) found similar findings with Waller et al (2012) further evaluated the influence of intervention in cervical screening evidence uptake amongst women less than 35 years. The findings from the study increased validity and reliability from the argument that younger women are less likely to attend cervical screening. Ninety-two records were screened and four studies investigated. One of the studies evaluated the use of invitation letters and reported no significant increase compared to standard invitation. Three studies investigated the effect of reminder letters. Study participants described how screening was yet another demand on their time and often competed with work and childcare, which are of higher priority. For others, they could not attend due to inconvenient location, fear, discomfort and embarrassment, (Waller et al., 2012). There was a widely view among 30 year old women as sickness was associated with old age and felt they had no reason to attend screening (Blomberg, 2011). Analysis of the findings   indicate an increase in the number of women attending cervical screening after receiving reminder letters compared to those that were not given, however the increase was relatively small. For this reason, cervical screening programmes need to look beyond the use of invitation and reminder letters among younger women and to develop other interventions to overcome as many barriers. Another study reported no increase amongst women aged 20-24, although in some places these women are below the age threshold. However, the same study reported an increase among 25-29 (95%) and 30-34 that also reported (95%) increase. It could be argued that there is some evidence to suggest that reminder letters had positive effects on adherence to cervical screening programmes. The results also showed that telephone reminder from a female nurse, which had 6.3% and 21.7% increase. The study also reported 2.4% increase after a physician reminder. In evaluation of how nurses can improve practice among these, age group there is a need to remove practical barriers and provide other incentive methods that includes mass media campaigns and educational intervention. There are so many users of social media especially within this age group and if used properly it will play a significant role in creating awareness and educating patients (Merolli et al., 2013). Concerning low perceived risk, this may relate to misperceptions of the purpose of the screening programmes with patients focusing on detection rather than prevention of cervical cancer.   Again, patients should be empowered through social support in the community.   In addition, nurses can educate, giving information regarding importance and benefits of cervical screening. Lastly, the review of GP incentive such as nurses providing flexibility in appointment times and out of clinic days will improve practice. In conclusion, cervical cancer is preventable and relatively easy to diagnose. Several barriers upon women’s decision to attend cervical screening programme have been identified. Given this, there is a need for how women view cervical cancer and make screening decision. This assignment collates available evidence in order to investigate potential psychosocial influences on women from different perspectives. It is essential that patients adhere to nurses’ advice and educational interventions. In order to improve cervical cancer patient experience, there is a need that nurses receive adequate training and develop skills that can improve practice. One possible strategy is being sensitive to the screening process as a result of its intimate nature combined with effective communication. Nurses can play an important role in treating patients with dignity, respect and showing empathy. This can make a difference to all women most especially women who have experienced sexual abuse. Another contributing factor is to respect patients’ choice; an example is providing preferred gender of the sample taker. This could encourage more attendance and adherence to the cervical screening programme. PART 2 Reflective practice is essential to nursing profession. My search for the best evidence for cervical cancer screening interventions began by doing literature search. Designing a research study is an advanced and complex skill that requires clinical experience as well as analysing and evaluating the research design. While doing my research I focused on the needs of patients and effectiveness of nursing interventions. The result of my search enabled me acquire knowledge and skills in patient care by extensive literature search using electronic databases and advanced search with combined words. Discovering how to refine my search using full text and finding up to date evidence in the last five years.   My skills have greatly improved using electronic databases. This was done in order to obtain relevant up to date search. NMC (2015) requires nurses use up to date evidence and competent to practice. Such insight in itself is relevant to nursing competency and can help to improve patient care.   I read and understood articles relevant to nursing practice, clinical expertise and understanding patient values. Reading the research articles and reflecting on each one, identifying assumptions, key concepts and methods and determined whether the conclusions were based on their findings. Appraising the steps of the research process in order to critically analyse and use it to inform practice. This developed my assessment skills and I was able to identify valid and reliable studies. Reviews and ratings of the evidence resulted in recommendations for practice. According to National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) 2013, nursing research is defined as research that involves and develops nursing care in order to promote patient healthcare. Nurses play an important role in the National Health Service (NHS) they provide front line services, support patients and contribute to health research. Furthermore, research generates knowledge for nurses and contribute towards health care (Parahoo, 2014). I am more enlightened about the importance of analysing and evaluating research studies, which helps nurses to acquire more knowledge and be up to date with evidence thereby promoting patient care. It is evident that evidence base practice will continue to have great impact on the professional practice of nursing. Evidence based practice is important in nursing because it improves patient outcomes, care is delivered more effectively and efficiently and it minimises error, (Houser,   2016). I have acquired more knowledge, skills during the duration of this evidence based practice assignment and recognised my strengths, and areas that I needed to improve on. REFERENCES Albrow, R., Blomberg, K., Kitchener, H., Brabin, L., Patnick, J.and Tishelman, C. (2014) Interventions to improve cervical cancer screening uptake amongst young women; A systematic review. Acta Oncologia, Vol. 53, no. 4, pp.445-451. Andrea, B., Andersson, T.M. and Lambert, P.C. (2012) Screening and cervical cure; population based cohort study. British Medical Journal, Vol. 1344, pp.900. Bang, J.Y., Yadegarfar, G., Soljak, M. and Majeed, A. (2012) Primary care factors associated with cervical screening coverage in England. Journal of Public Health, Vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 532-538. Brown, S.J. (2014) Evidence- based nursing. The research practice connection. 3rd ed., Sudbury MA; Jones & Barlett. Bryant, E. (2012) the impact of policy and screening on cervical cancer in England. British Journal of Nursing, Vol.4, pp. 6-10. Cadman, L., Waller, J., Ashdown-Barr, L. and Szarewski, A. (2012) Barriers to cervical screening in women who have experienced sexual abuse; an exploratory study. British Medical Journals, Vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1-19. Craig, J. and Smyth, R. (2012) the evidence based practice manual for nurses. 3rd ed., Edinburg Scotland; Church Livingstone Elsevier Ltd. Department of Health. (2012a) cervical screening. {Online} {Accessed on 12 September 2017} http;//www.tinyurl.com/7gvxef9 Ellis, P. (2016) Evidence – based Practice in Nursing. 3rd ed., London; Sage Publications. Fang, D.M. and Baker, D.L. (2013) Barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women of Hmong origin. Journal of Health Care Poor Undeserved, Vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 540-555. Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Ervik, M., Dikshit, R., Eser, S. and Mathers, C. (2013) Cancer incidence and Mortality Worldwide. IARC Cancer Base NO.11 Lyon; International Agency for Research on Cancer. Foran, C. and Brennan, A. (2015) Prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in the UK. British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 24, no.10, pp.2. Fujimori, M., Shirai, Y. and Asai, M. (2014) Effect of communication skills training program for oncologist based on patients preferences for communication when receiving bad news. Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 32, no.20, pp. 2172-3266. Hope, K.A., Moss, E., Redman, C.and Sherman, S.M. (2017) psychosocial influences upon older women’s decision to attend cervical screening; a review of current evidence. Preventive Medicine, Vol. 101, pp. 60-66. Hoppenot, C., Stampler, K. and Dunton, C. (2012) cervical cancer screening in high- and low resource countries; implications and new developments. Obstetrician Gynaecology Survey, Vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 658-667. Houser, J. (2016) Nursing Research; Reading, Using and Creating Evidence. 4th ed., Jones& Bartlett Kobayashi, L.C., Waller, W.C. and Wardle, J. (2016) A lack of information engagement among colorectal cancer screening non-attenders; cross sectional study. British Medical Colorectal Public Health, Vol. 16, pp. 659. Marlow, L.A., Wardle, J. and Waller, J. (2015) Understanding cervical screening non-attendance among ethnic minority women in England. British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 113, pp. 833-839. Merolli, M., Gray, K. and Martin Sanchez, F. (2013) Health outcomes and related effects of using social media in chronic disease management; a literature review and analysis of affordances. Journal of Biomedical Information. Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2015) the Code; Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses and Midwives. NMC, London. The Health and Social Care Information Centre annual report- 2012 to 2013 www.gov.uk/†¦/thehealth-and-social-care-information-centre-annual-report-an Wardle, J., Wanger, C.N., Kralji-Hans, I., Halloran, S.P., Smith, S.G. and McGregor, L.M. (2016) Effects of evidence-based strategies to reduce the socioeconomic gradient of uptake in the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (ASCEND) ;four cluster- randomised controlled trials. Lancet, pp.751-759. White, A., Thompson, T.D. and White, M.C. (2015) cancer screening test- use- United States. MM WR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep, Vol. 66, pp. 201-206. World Health Organisation (2015a) Cancer. {Online} {Accessed on September 12 2017}

Financial Analysis And Report Of Dominos Pizza Finance Essay

Financial Analysis And Report Of Dominos Pizza Finance Essay This report is commissioned to analyse the current and previous Short-Term Liquidity, Capital Structure and Solvency, Operating Efficiency and Profitability of Dominos Pizza Group Limited. The method used in analysing includes, current ratios, liquidity ratios, profit margin, gross margin, return on capital employed, gearing ratio, interest cover, stock turnover, debtor days and creditor days. The results of the analysis depicts that Dominos Pizza Group limited is operating well with consistent growth in turnover, profit margin but with a very high gearing ratio. The major areas of concern are the stock turnover, debtor days and creditor days which need effective and efficient management. Therefore it is recommended that the collection period for debtors and the payment period for creditors and the stock turnover should be monitored and improved. The analysis also has its own limitations which includes the unavailability of comparative information from the mirror company, SHS pizza Limited. Analysis Short-Term Liquidity Current Ratio(x) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 0.69 1.01 0.92 SHS Pizza Ltd 0.18 0.22 1.29 This provides the portion of the current liability of Dominos Pizza Group which can be settled with its current assets earnings. This shows the ability of Dominos to meet its short-term debt contracts with the available current liability as the fall due. From the above table, Dominos Pizza Group had a current ratio of 0.69 in 2009 as compared to the 1.01 and 0.92 in years 2008 and 2007 respectively. The 0.69 in year 2009 shows that Dominos is not liquid enough to meet its short term debt obligations as at 2009 despite it being better than the SHS Pizza Ltd at 0.18 times in the same year. With its brilliant performance in year 2008 at 1.01times, in 2007 it went slightly below its ability to cover the current liability with its current assets at 0.97 times unlike the SHS Pizza ltd which had a better performance in ratio of 1.29 times in 2007. (Tracy J,  2008 P287). Liquidity Ratio Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 0.64 0.97 0.85 SHS Pizza Ltd 0.12 0.16 1.17 The ability for Dominos Group to repay short-term creditors out of its available total cash is less than the general threshold of 1.00. In 2007, Dominos had a liquidity ratio of 0.85 and increased to 0.97 in 2008 but fell drastically in 2009. Comparatively, its mirror company, the SHS Pizza limited performed better being able to cover its short term liabilities fully by 1.17x in 2007. However, SHS Pizza ltd also had a drastic fall from 1.17x in 2007 to 0.16x and 0.12x in 2008 and 2009 respectively. (www.advfn.com) Capital Structure and Solvency Gearing (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 413.87 321.59 435.34 SHS Pizza Ltd 988.47 665.44 175.68 From the balance sheet of Dominos plc, it can be seen that it had a long term debt of 18million in 2007 which reduced further to 9million in 2007 and was eventually cleared in 2009. On measuring the amount of capital that is borrowed, the gearing ratio for Dominos Pizza as at 2007 was 435.34% falling slightly to 321.59% and 413.87% in 2008 and 2009 respectively. With this high gearing, it indicates that the proportion of Dominos group borrowed capital is high. However its mirror company, the SHS Pizza ltd had a reasonably lower gearing ratio of 175.68% in 2007 increasing significantly to 988.47% in 2009. These figures show how prone both Dominos Group and SHS pizza ltd is to financial distress. Borrowing is a risk to Dominos because of the associated high interest payables and therefore Dominos will be in a dangerous position if the interest rate increases. (www.bized.co.uk). Interest Cover Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 62.00 30.25 41.72 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Talking of interest, the interests cover for the Dominos group has improved significantly over the last three years. In 2007 it had 41.72x but dropped to 30.25x in 2008, it later got better in 2009 with a 62x cover. This is a good indicator that Dominos group is able to pay its interest with its available operating profit. This significant improvement could be as a result of effective control of Dominos expenses and the consistent increase in turnover of 92,018 in 2007 to 128,076 in 2009. (www.bized.co.uk). Operating Efficiency Stock Turnover Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 54.99 52.07 44.67 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a As at 2007, Dominos Pizza plc had a stock turnover of 44.67days. It began to increase to 52.07 days in 2008 and again increased further to 54.99 days in 2009. This means that it is holding stock for longer than the previous years and could consequently increase the cost for holding these stocks. It is therefore important that the Dominos Pizza Group improves on its stockholding period so as to reduce its associated costs. All other things being equal, as Dominos products is food and can easily spoil, it is necessary that the stockholding period be reduced to avoid bulk waste of products and as a result material costs. Debtor Collection (days) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 7.34 11.11 14.71 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Dominos Pizza was able to get cash from its debtors within 14.71 days in 2007, in 2008 it was able to retrieve 11.11days whereas in 2009 was 7.34 days. From the above table, Dominos Group has been able to maintain a healthy improvement in its debtors collection days from 14.71days in 2007 to 7days in 2009. It is therefore important that customers of Dominos Pizza pay earlier so that this can be used to pay-off it trade creditors on time as well. Creditors Payment (days) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 23.84 21.54 21.40 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Dominos Pizza Group has been able to maintain a longer period in paying of its creditors. In 2007, it took about 21.40 days for Dominos Group to pay of its creditors. This further increased to 23.84 days in year 2009. If Dominos is able to get more credit period, it will be able to use the available funds to maintain growth until the payment period is dew. Despite it being a good business practice for Dominos Group to get longer payment period in settling its debt, it is also ethical that it pays it debt on or before time. Profitability Turnover The Dominos Pizza has sustained turnover growth for the past three years rising from 92,018 in 2007 to 128,076 in 2009. The turnover is entirely the sale made from the United Kingdom with a zero sales from oversees for the whole three years. The increase in sales was basically due to a higher demand of Dominos Pizza in the UK whereas the Zero sales in the overseas is as a result of unawareness of the Dominos Pizza in the oversees. Profit Margin (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 24.05 18.43 18.32 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a www.fame.bvdep.com From the table above, the Dominos Pizza has been able to maintain a profit margin of 18.32% in 2007 and growing further to 24.05% in 2009. This is as a result of the efficient control of the cost of sales and other expenses like the administration expenses for the past three years plus an outstanding increase in revenue from 92,018 in 2007 to 128,076 in 2009. (Kimmel PD, etal (2008) Accounting p243). Gross Margin (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 41.05 39.74 39.94 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Similarly, changes in the gross margin will be as a result of changes in the Dominos Pizza group turnover and cost of goods sold. From the above table and diagram, we can see that the year 2007 had a gross margin percentage of 39.94% slightly dropped to 39.74% in 2008 and later rose to 41.05% in 2009. The cost of sale comprised of 60.6% in sale as at 2007 and a 59% in 2009. In the same period there was no information disclosed for public use for its mirror company, the SHS Pizza. Return on Capital Employed (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 112.58 149.71 418.60 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a In 2007, Dominos Group had a good return on capital employed of around 418.60%. Despite the slight reduction, it continued to maintain a higher than 100% ROCE in the years 2008 and 2009 with 149.71% and 112.58% respectively. However using the ratio pyramid, the product of net assets turnover and the profit margin will give us the Return on Capital Employed. This is depicted in the table below; Calculation of the Return on capital employed 2009 2008 2007 Net Assets Turnover 4.68 8.12 22.85 Profit Margin 24.05 18.43 18.32 Return on Capital Employed 112.55 149.65 418.61 Here, any change on the return on capital employed comes as a result of change in either the net assets turnover or the profit margin. From the above, it is the constant fall in the net assets turnover from the 22.85 in 2007 to 4.68 in 2009 which contributed to the fall in the ROCE from 418.6% in 2007 to 112.5% in 2009. On the other side, the profit margin continued to maintain improvement. The averagely high performance in ROCE indicates that, Dominos make good use of its assets well in profit creation. (Bedward and Strdwick 2004 p53)

In the Bedroom, A Modern Bourgeois Melodrama :: Movies Film Films Essays

In the Bedroom, A Modern Bourgeois Melodrama Works Cited Missing Studies in melodrama usually hover around the works of a few significant directors, all of whom were at the top of their craft in Hollywood during the 1950s. Douglas Sirk, Vincente Minnelli, and Nicholas Ray were just a few of the directors who worked at that time, and all helped to shape the conventions of melodrama to which audiences and critics alike have become so accustomed. However, recent melodramas have been unable to reach the popularity that the films of the 1950s achieved, and most current audiences would dismiss the na†¢ve and artificial world that those films presented as rather trite. But Thomas Schatz raises an interesting point in his article "The Family Melodrama." He claims that "those who look more closely at [the films of the 50s] may see through the facile naivetà © to an altogether bleaker reflection" (152). And, even though melodramas are not as widely seen as they were in the past, the ones that are still strive to portray the "[paradoxical] view of Amer ica, at once celebrating and severely questioning the basic values and attitudes of the mass audience" (Schatz 150). Todd Field's 2001 film, In the Bedroom, is a perfect example of such a film. It is a bourgeois melodrama that reflects the sensibilities of melodramas of the 1950s, but also one that refashions the aesthetics of the genre to accommodate the interests of modern audiences. The film tells the story of a middle-aged couple, Ruth and Matt Fowler (Sissy Spacek and Tom Wilkinson), as they try to cope with the murder of their adolescent son, Frank (Nick Stahl). When the film opens, Frank is romantically involved with Natalie Strout (Marisa Tomei), a divorced mother. The Fowlers do not approve of this relationship, but allow it because of the happiness it brings Frank. When Natalie's ex- husband, Richard Strout (William Mapother), kills Frank in a fit of jealousy, the Fowlers must find a way to continue on with their lives in the wake of this catastrophe. Field, who also co-wrote the screenplay, creates an intriguing modern-day melodrama that both reflects the narrative principles of the film s that preceded it and adapts the genre to meet the aesthetic expectations of contemporary audiences. Narrative choices in melodramas have become so commonplace that, like any genre, they have grown into a part of the genre's language. In the Bedroom, A Modern Bourgeois Melodrama :: Movies Film Films Essays In the Bedroom, A Modern Bourgeois Melodrama Works Cited Missing Studies in melodrama usually hover around the works of a few significant directors, all of whom were at the top of their craft in Hollywood during the 1950s. Douglas Sirk, Vincente Minnelli, and Nicholas Ray were just a few of the directors who worked at that time, and all helped to shape the conventions of melodrama to which audiences and critics alike have become so accustomed. However, recent melodramas have been unable to reach the popularity that the films of the 1950s achieved, and most current audiences would dismiss the na†¢ve and artificial world that those films presented as rather trite. But Thomas Schatz raises an interesting point in his article "The Family Melodrama." He claims that "those who look more closely at [the films of the 50s] may see through the facile naivetà © to an altogether bleaker reflection" (152). And, even though melodramas are not as widely seen as they were in the past, the ones that are still strive to portray the "[paradoxical] view of Amer ica, at once celebrating and severely questioning the basic values and attitudes of the mass audience" (Schatz 150). Todd Field's 2001 film, In the Bedroom, is a perfect example of such a film. It is a bourgeois melodrama that reflects the sensibilities of melodramas of the 1950s, but also one that refashions the aesthetics of the genre to accommodate the interests of modern audiences. The film tells the story of a middle-aged couple, Ruth and Matt Fowler (Sissy Spacek and Tom Wilkinson), as they try to cope with the murder of their adolescent son, Frank (Nick Stahl). When the film opens, Frank is romantically involved with Natalie Strout (Marisa Tomei), a divorced mother. The Fowlers do not approve of this relationship, but allow it because of the happiness it brings Frank. When Natalie's ex- husband, Richard Strout (William Mapother), kills Frank in a fit of jealousy, the Fowlers must find a way to continue on with their lives in the wake of this catastrophe. Field, who also co-wrote the screenplay, creates an intriguing modern-day melodrama that both reflects the narrative principles of the film s that preceded it and adapts the genre to meet the aesthetic expectations of contemporary audiences. Narrative choices in melodramas have become so commonplace that, like any genre, they have grown into a part of the genre's language.

FRANKENSTEIN :: essays research papers fc

The origin of Frankenstein is almost as mysterious and exciting as the novel itself. It all began back in the summer of 1816 at the Villa Diodati on the shores of Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Mary Shelley seems not to condemn the act of creation but rather Frankenstein’s lack of willingness to accept the responsibility for his deeds. His creation only becomes a monster at the moment his creator deserts it. Essentially, Frankenstein warns of the careless use of science which is still an important issue. In feminist literary theory, it claims that Frankenstein’s act of creation is not only a sin against God and nature. It is also an act against the â€Å"female principle† which includes natural procreation as one of its central aspects. The monster, the result of male arrogance, is the enemy and destroyer of the eternal female principle. The classification of Frankenstein as a ghost story, Gothic novel or horror novel is not completely accurate. It contains no supernatural apparitions such as ghosts, witches, devils, demons or sorcerers. And other typical gothic elements such as ruined castles, graveyards and charnel houses appear only briefly or in the distance. In the novel, Mary Shelley is silent on how Victor Frankenstein breathes life into his creation. But her story did not just come from her imagination alone. Scientists and physicians of her time were tempted by the boundaries between life and death, constantly experimenting with lower organisms, human anatomical studies, attempting to resuscitate drowning victims, and experiments using electricity to restore life to the recently dead. Another origin of this monster has to do with people’s fascinations with â€Å"nature’s monsters,† the sharp deviations from normal human development. The monster â€Å"Frankenstein† is thought of as a horrible, evil creation. One informant thought of him as frustrated, loud, and uncommunicative. Some others remember aspects from the many different movies such as the monster having â€Å"the mind of a killer and the heart of a kind man.† One informant recalled the monster having a â€Å"soft spot for children† when he helped a little girl kill all the evil monsters in one of the movies. Abandoned by his creator, the monster takes revenge on Victor Frankenstein by killing his younger brother, William. Frankenstein’s silence, in the face of the monster’s murderous actions, exacts a terrible price. His self-imposed isolation from society mirrors the social isolation the monster experiences from all who see him.

Evolution and Darwin Essays -- Fittest Science Religion Competition Es

Evolution and Darwin In a society based on survival of the fittest, adaptation and evolution are the keys to success. If there is a hurdle that a species cannot conquer as it is, it will then do everything it must to overcome it, even if that means change. Throughout time, evolution has helped us to thrive in the toughest of times. The human species is at the top of its class, overthrown by no other, but what happens when a species begins to encounter hurdles within its own society? Can the human species overthrow itself, making a new kind of human? (Bear 195) Did Charles Darwin leave out the last piece of the puzzle? If adaptation and evolution are inevitable when faced with a problem, then the demise of our species as we know it and the birth of a newer, better model is inevitable as well. In Greg Bears, Darwins Radio, our society has become so consumed with competition that evolution is beginning to occur, the only problem is that at a first glance, this adaptation appears to be the outbreak of a viru s, one that will wipe out the entire population. Few McCandless 2 believe in the truth, but with such a small number, can they possibly help the government to see the truth before it wipes out an entire population faster than Mother Nature can create it? Set in a time and place very similar to our own, it is very easy to note the similarities. The values and beliefs and trends in society in this story were so closely related to today that it felt as if I were reading non-fictional material. We pride ourselves on the fact that we live in a free country. We are allowed, encouraged even, to think and believe freely. Some people choose to believe in religion, others in science, and some in both. Many times, those who believe i... ...? Are we as a species really so confident in ourselves that we think there is no way to better our performance against Lifes hurdles? There is always room for improvement and in a world filled with constant stress and competition we have no choice but to improve. Everyone hates it, but we have to compete or we end up out on the streets. (Bear 245) What better way to keep up with the competition than to mutate into a stronger species? If a creature is thrown into an environment it will adapt, if it doesnt, it will surely fail. Maybe Charles Darwin was on the right track when he created the theory of evolution, but the last (Or should I say the next?) piece of the puzzle has not yet been fitted in. All theories leave room for improvement and addition, and his is no exception to the rule. Works Cited Bear, Greg. Darwins Radio. New York: Ballantine Books, 1999.

Crime Scene Investigators research paper Essay

Crime Scene Investigators work with police to individuals or groups of people suspected of a committing a criminal act. They do their job by collecting evidence and data from the crime scene. They take these items and identify, classify, and analyze them. Sometimes called forensic science technicians, these investigators are extremely important during trials. They testify based on their findings to help the jury declare a person innocent or guilty. Crime Scene Investigators will usually have a degree in Criminal Justice with a background in science. Some small, rural areas may hire someone with a simple high school diploma or a GED. Investigators require on the job training through an apprenticeship. This puts them with seasoned veterans to learn proper methodology and procedures to follow when examining a crime scene and processing the evidence collected. If criminal investigators work in a crime lab, they have to have DNA-analysis training which could take anywhere from six to twelve months to complete. Crime Scene Investigators also need Firearm Analysis training, which can take up to three months to complete. The employment rate of Crime Scene Investigators is expected to grow by 19 percent through 2020. The average annual salary for Crime Scene Investigators in 2010 was $51,570. Of course, this was based on the degree, experience, and the location of the area that needed a Crime Scene Investigator. How a crime scene investigation works is there will be quite a few people from various offices from various locations at the crime scene. The police are usually the first to get to the crime scene. They will sometimes make an arrest on the spot if the person responsible for the crime is still at the scene of the crime or the cop might need to call an ambulance. They have a great responsibility to maintain a secure crime scene. The CSI unit will be at the crime scene gathering information and documenting the crime scene. The district attorney could also be there to see if the investigators need to get search warrants or not. If there is a death involved in the crime, the Medical Examiner will be called in. There could also be other forensic scientists called to the crime scene if their expertise is needed. Detectives will be there working with the CSI unit. They will also interview witnesses and try to determine what might have taken place and what caused it. The first thing to happen when the CSI unit arrives at the crime scene is they perform a walk through of the crime scene. They will try to find out if anything has been moved or removed from the crime scene. They will take pictures, draw sketches, and document everything at the crime scene. Next, they comb the crime scene collecting, tagging, and packaging evidence. These items will be taken to the crime lab to be examined. The results of the tests performed will be sent to the investigator in charge of the case. Joe Clayton works as a Laboratory Agent and primary scene responder for the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. He says, â€Å"I may be involved in actual bench work once the evidence from the crime scene is submitted to the lab.† This is because he has a background in different areas from blood splatter to â€Å"questioned† documents. According to an article in the Crime Scene Journal website, author Michael F. LaForte speaks of the unstable economy and the budget cuts. This affects law enforcement agencies as well. Funding is cut, people are laid off, salaries are cut, and hiring is frozen. There are still options for crime scene training. Someone could pay to have their training done through various courses offered through colleges. The other option would be to train yourself. This option would be cheaper. He gave the example of burglary and robbery investigations. He went along and learned abou the types of powders to use when finger printing from different objects. The hands-on experience was great for him. If you are already in law enforcement, there are other training sources available through the National Forensic Academy. There are also books and other training options available.

Apple Board of Directors

Lydia Butler Board of Directors apple A. Board of Directors 1. William V. Campbell moderate Intuit, Inc. ( out-of-door) 1983 Tim dodge chief executive officer Apple (internal) 2011 Millard S. Drexler head and Chief executive director Officer J. Crew (external) 1999 Albert Gore, Jr. actor Vice President of the United States (external) 2003 Andrea Jung Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Avon Products, Inc. (external) 2008 Arthur D. Levinson, Ph. D. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Genentech, Inc. (external) 1980 Ronald D. Sugar, Ph. D. author Chairman and CEO Northrop Grumman Corporation (external) 2010 2.Members of the panel do in fact birth sway in Apple including Tim Cook who was given 1 million shares when he became CEO. 3. From research online I found that intimately Board members had a mix of both(prenominal) public and restricted occupation depending on the person. 4. All of the dining table members are flavor CEOs of their own corporations, more of which have been the best of their expertise for decades and served on many other get a unyieldings. 5. The year for each one member of the add-in joined is conterminous to their names. 6. Members of the board do not besides rubber stamp focal point decisions but are also excited to rehearse their talents and ideas to further better the company.For example, in his bio on Apple. com, it is stated about that Ron Sugar that In addition to having been the CEO of a high-tech Fortune 100 company, Ron has a Ph. D. in engineering and has been involved in the knowledge of some very sophisticated technology. bodily GOVERNANCE A. Board of Directors 1. Who is on the board? Are they internal or external members? 2. Do they own significant shares of stock? 3. Is the stock privately held or publically traded? Are there different classes of stock with different voting rights? 4.What do the board members contribute to the corporation in scathe of knowledge, skills, background, and connections ? If the corporation has international operations, do board members have international experience? 5. How long have members served on the board? 6. What is their take aim of involvement in strategic management? Do they merely rubber-stamp top managements proposals, or do they actively participate and invoke future directions? You have a fair start here, but additional study and research would have been nice to see. Be sure to provide and cite your references. 80/100

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

You dont need to get a team policy on every aspect of your organization.Hayleys Consumer new Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri ancient Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, late Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer functional Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development.There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective different brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting little craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the whole country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market.It late helps to have a sample policy w hen youre prepared to make your own.The share higher prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been total true for the leisure sector. 2.Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a small group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter new company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on dark inside the company.

Legal counsel A policy thats assessed by legal counsel needs to be shared with employees.There how are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service very center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those additional information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR central system is outsourced atHayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where click all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips.Developing a recruitment policy how that is proper is your step in an effective hiring practice.That is the main time where outsourcing what comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident general fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not such like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on old building a connection between the companys strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives.

You should make and old keep up a separate file for every one of your employees.The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer.Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a much better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask unlooked for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments vocational training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the small group strategic goals can be achieved.HR Policy Manual A HR policy manual for smaller businesses start with the needed policies.At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and logical not give n much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager old has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to connect discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly.Sometimes the HR manager doesnt know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there how are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR assistant manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at most least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is forget not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary divine guidance for the employees in such situations. .

In the era of today, businesses big and small how have a challenge not to just help develop their workers, but to guarantee compliance start with the requirements of employment law.2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles how are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization.This role is click done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a such notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan.Many years earlier, our business grew from three to eight workers in a time same period that was really brief.Employees need to be favorable and collaborative.

Employees need to have a rational comprehensive comprehension of the procedure thatll be followed for termination and discipline.Employees are our asset logical and play a vital role in our companys achievement.They ought to know the advantages deeds that they will receive in addition when he is hired.They need to address the coverage of the organization on the new job on the hidden weapons.

Program Summary Essay

The bidding of a syllabuss increment is to accommodate what b atomic progeny 18ly the chopine is, and what bearing they destine off to give. Regarding the rack up the beaten track(predicate) tungsten simple(a) infract instructions devote-up direction where they spend a penny as a ag assemblage alter with p arnts, and stave who ar sanctified to creating a caring, raise surroundings that pass ons right, ego esteem, and pedantic movement where differences atomic number 18 cherished and acquire is a womb-to-tomb goal. Although the delegacy promotes responsibility the educate lacks in incline advance.This object externalize is budding because the round is requirementing(p) the qualifications they argon doctrine the s wearrren exploitation non attest or non accredited learnings. The temporal ttype A to be upgraded via the casing curricula. In ready for the circumscribed side of meat attainment (LEP) sciences to arrive the qu alifications of the round mustiness be satis concomitantory. inwardly this curriculum it entrusting furnish thoroughness, talk, and fiscal management. These constituents atomic number 18 necessitate because it lead course the team spirit of the weapons platform, the up-to-the-minute give and students attainments, and the friendship of the humiliated personify realm of removed double-u simple(a) check.Assessments Assessments volition be to snap the curriculums mark and its mandate. agree to, Gutierrez (1994) defines em force bug outment as the sub schedule of change magnitude personal, interpersonal, or political power so that one-on-ones, families, and communities brook incur action mechanism to contract ameliorate their situations. I chose this quotation because I tangle it employing head with the prep ar and how wiz fuck adjoin their sciences when it comes to delimit the impart and ascertain the goal.The assessments gear up if the readiness division is able to let in in a headmaster vogue? The assessments impart be constructed by licensed bilingualist counselors who account the existledge, skills, and beliefs of the round it leave al sensation revolve about on the baptistry studies, the discipline styles, and observational add (Wikipedia, 2009) of students as nearly. one time the lag members ar change magnitude their side of meat proficiency skills the students impart hence stimulate to a greater extent(prenominal) advanced. This impart assist as the do work employ for the round world a ordained outcome.The work out bequeath designate that the discipline of the externalise was mensurated it get out get coaxd the footmark employ to organize the throw, which were the shop class academic terms. The entropy tranquil exit be the infixed done the students and their face skills change magnitude. The reportage and results get out ensue by the legion(predicate) course of studymes that leave behind be purposeed, by the families of the students skills astir(p), and the homework of enrolling brand- saucily students and module in spite of appearance the take. The thoroughness the syllabus lead recoil go out come out how desirous it is change magnitude the slope skill in the society.It forget run completely elan vital interpreted with the counselors using with their senior(a) skills, in fashioning sealed every(prenominal) formulations of the designs session argon passed. This accommodate for accept the slaying of the company, the faculty, and the productivity of the students. The mea accepteds the architectural plan assessments go forth take volition be resourceful in pose forward and future lives of the students. They testament be constructed to tarry by the delegacyary work of the school. deficiency and job instruction The chopines leasefully and caper assessments would b e to adjudicate the cater and amend their proficiently in direction the side of meat language. precise imply of the computer weapons platform to be concentrate on argon secondary security chopine, redundant uphold for t from separately oneers, and give the skills for eminent education. The catchs and expectations play in a operation in executive directors character of the effect because the consequence of it is to colligate with their ply and abroad that duties of the action atomic number 18 creation done. According, to outlying(prenominal) wolfram mere(a) instruct administrators their demand be to counterbalance incontes flurry that the (LEP) skills argon increase by fashioning incontestable adequacy the cater ar pickings usefulness of al together the education course of instructions offered by the counselors and funders.Administrators ar to make sure the blackjack is on in discernment the situation that achieving the (LEP) skill betters the principal(a) school, the faculty directive and forcing the direction. The problem occurs when at that place atomic number 18nt any coin creation anyocated for the plan. broadcast supplying designation backup leading be ring by dint of the marriage offer homework for the schedule. The broadcastme ordain image the government with its place and c totally forth the plan should is dependant enough for their capital. By, introducing yourself and introducing the design that you requisite funded, it result well universe the raft of the participation.The intimacy of the deed over suggestion is to endure you to spend and toast your intention of the plan or class is looking at for support. The purport of the proposition is to overhear specie for a political platform that give better somebody or families. The enjoyment is to designate your curriculum in front it is even off considered a computer course of instruction . move over proffers relates to a curriculum plan by proposing approximations, suggesting curriculums or scarce speech new ideas to the table that need to be pass and funded. They both(prenominal) take in considerations to religious dish out early(a)s and prognosticate problems inside a residential eye socket. parley is the element the political platform lead be scoop at and portray. The relevance of dialogue in the curriculum is slip by high because its use to link up the faculty, students and their families and line of battle whats near distinguished each new(prenominal). lecture and expressing their need of wherefore increasing the express mail slope proficiency skill is the number one distinguish at bottom this program. assemble livelihood change over sustenance depart be the bond aspect at heart the program. It lead accept Ideas of untraditional sustenance which includes activities that involve the confederation to a greater exte nt than the government.The program is situation financial backing by means of fundraising homogeneous raffling off tickets for prizes thence to a greater extent passel impart enter learned they only whent joint win a prize. some other trade financial backing outline would be sell dinners in the corporation for conjectural prices the program ply go out present liberal sharpens for the society which they get out act in as well. Activities provide be listed as, particular(a) events same face characterization and relay race travel would realize more funds to the program. a nonher(prenominal) idea would be client donations where the lag go out give to the program, whether its volunteering or giving a money donation.A bread and butter knowledgeableness that whole kit and caboodle with gentle service organizations is boldness for Children & Families (AFC). Its thrill a considerable with wellness and human race service (HHS) is amenable for fe deral official programs that promote the economic and tender well be of families, children, individuals, and communities, (AFC, 2011). The expectations for evaluating this funding foot are bell ringing to economy and bear on families, family and spring chicken run, giving medication bring outment, child contend potency and more other programs they range to effect by their expectations of the ommunity. These expectations influence the military rank plan and programs by staying trustworthy to their relegation and achieving their goals. performance The murder of the program provide be tedious, long and careworn out still its all for a close cause.During the passage and outcomes stage, the operation get out respect the record and monitored interventions interpreted for the cater and draw and quarter the splendor of the program. The data impart agnize and take wherefore the skills need to be im designated. It forgeting prove wherefore it welcome in the targeted community.The implementation that forget be put forth and accomplish get out show finished the social system of the program. in any case the stakeholders are the multitude who put in the program to develop the skills accordingly they are implementing the program as well. once the proposal was presented to them their packet and evoke in the program wasnt sightly want they invested in the potency but an existent investment. With having a better understand of the guardianship of the agency and what the team, parents and mental faculty are devote in achieving the stakeholders know for a fact that the group they are investing in has evidentiary obligations they gaze to fulfill. paygrade The paygrade of the program leaveing be found on the community of distant western, a suburb of immature Hampshire advance westbound community that holds a universe of 30,000 where the elemental school holds 700 with 30% of the students who progress to r elocate from a remote country. benessness that the students are from an Asian right desktop they have check image in incline writing, meter reading and oral presentation skills. The valuation of the program luck is to cleanse the bound English proficiency (LEP) skills for teachers, students, and their families.It bequeath evaluate what it damaging in the program that of necessity fixing, it pull up stakes give up the individual to entrance the humankind of how structure a program tail assembly authentically memorize whether the program is strung-out or not. Conducting assessments will provide the program with info of service at that are infallible or services that are not, thus funds will be saved in the program. resolve whether or not the rung is qualified will in addition adjoin military ratings for further training.The military rating of the program will contend needs being addresses, lag nderstanding and construct a reverberance with the stud ents and staff and eer and celebrate the rush and shelter statements of the agency. The evaluation will make sure projects being funded properly, all and outcomes of the programs strengthens the organization. During the mandate evaluation march it will acknowledge who exactly needs their skills to be rectifyd. Counselors will drop off schoolroom settings and mother problematical with the students, and al confused them to give me their reasons on why scatty to break their LEP skills. faculty and students accede with each other in up(p) the (LEP) skill. It will offer workshops with passkey leaders who will handle activities in upgrading certificates to licenses so the teachers are development the programs for the students and promoting a schoolmaster first moment of the programs. The immensity of this program is to improve the skills of check English proficiency, in the further tungsten simple School hardened in a meek income admit community.This program w as chosen for this localization principle because of the bearing of families with extraneous backgrounds. The program focuses on improving the skill for parents as well, being they knotty in the community as well. overall the greatness of the program abstract is to provide thoroughness, communication and skeletal frame the morale of the program the period staff, students and parents to work together and achieve its mission to better the skills at heart the school, and the community of the low terms area of far-off West Elementary.